Design » Deceptive patterns

Often referred to as “dark patterns”, deceptive patterns are manipulative design solutions that aim to nudge users towards actions that are against their intention and often their personal benefit. Commonly dismissed as unethical among responsible designers, they have a legal relevance as well.

About the name

There is a good reason to not call them “dark” to promote breaking the connotation of dark/black with negative:

Deceptive dark patterns

adactio.com/journal/18192

The phrase “dark pattern” is …problematic. We really don’t need to be associating darkness with negativity any more than we already do in our language and culture.

Why it's time to update our language about bad design patterns

amyhupe.co.uk

As much as I am fascinated by the subject, and passionate about promoting that it is an abuse of designers’ power of influencing people’s behaviour, I deeply dislike the term “dark patterns”. Enough so, to dedicate an entire page in my […]
2022

(for more on the general topic of avoiding racist bias in language use, ref://a0bwmqha is a good resource.)

…but even from a most practical perspective this not-self-explanatory term is not very comprehensible for those outside a certain bubble:

https://mobile.twitter.com/quinnkeast/status/1355089301487411201

mobile.twitter.com/quinnkeast/status/1355089301487411201

I have chosen to use the term “deceptive patterns” wherever possible and only use “dark patterns” when quoting the work of others.

Good explainers to start from

“I, Obscura,” a dark pattern zine launched from Stanford and UCLA

pacscenter.stanford.edu

Scholars at Stanford and UCLA assembled this zine (on Issuu.com or as a 45MB PDF) on deceptive patterns, primarily to make them more tangible to non-techy people.
2021

More in-depth analysis

Design

The dark side of UX Design

darkpatterns.uxp2.com

With its byline “Practitioner-identified examples of stakeholder values superseding user values”, this practice-based taxonomy of deceptive patterns in design is built from a collection of real-world examples with the aim to raise […]
2021

Legal definitions

Guidelines on the protection of the online consumer | ACM.nl

acm.nl/en/publications/guidelines-protection-online-consumer

Academic research

What Makes a Dark Pattern... Dark? Design Attributes, Normative Considerations, and Measurement Methods

arxiv.org/abs/2101.04843

Dark Patterns after the GDPR: Scraping Consent Pop-ups and Demonstrating their Influence

arxiv.org/abs/2001.02479

From unethical to illegal

With an increasing volume of GDPR-related court rulings, there is also a growing body of case law stating how deceptive patterns violate the law:

The end of dark patterns in “cookie walls”: German court bans deceptive designs | Spirit Legal - JDSupra

jdsupra.com/legalnews/the-end-of-dark-patterns-in-cookie-5786302/

At the same time, there is a lack of specific statements in the applicable laws. While deceptive patterns obviously violate the spirit and the foundations of laws, they are rarely explicitly mentioned as something outlawed:

Dark Patterns in Personal Data Collection: Definition, Taxonomy and Lawfulness

papers.ssrn.com

In “Dark Patterns in Personal Data Collection: Definition, Taxonomy and Lawfulness” Luiza Jarovsky dissects deceptive design patterns from a legal perspective, pointing to the fact that current privacy legislation does not properly address these […]
2022

More from my bookmarks

Those pop-up 'I agree' boxes aren't just annoying – they're potentially dangerous

theconversation.com/those-pop-up-i-agree-boxes-arent-just-annoying-theyre-potentially-dangerous-106898

Last edited: Feb 2023